Veterans ask, Why Can’t I Sleep?
Carol L. Henricks, M.D.
Neurologist
One of the biggest complaints combat veterans come to the clinic with is that
they cannot sleep at night and therefore they never feel refreshed or restored.
It is hard for them to fall asleep, stay asleep and sometimes wake up early in
the morning without being able to return to sleep. They don’t dream. Other
sleep disorders are common. Why is this happening ? Even with lots of
alcohol, muscle relaxers, sedatives, supplements and sleep medicines their
sleep is not restored. Sedation is not sleep !
Sleep is not achieved by an “on – off” button. Sleeps is a complex
integrated function of the brain. Many neural networks in the brain must
coordinate activity with progression from a waking state, to a sleep state, to
a deeper stage of sleep and then into REM or dream sleep. If the neural fiber
tract networks are damaged by trauma such as concussion / blast injury /
DEW (and non – traumatic causes such as ischemia / inflammation /
infection / toxicity) then sleep is disturbed. Network signaling takes place
through electrical and chemical signals. More than 30 different chemicals
in our brain vary with a circadian rhythm and support the sleep – wake
cycle. The more injured the network is, the more sleep disturbance
occurs.
Important neural fiber tracts for sleep travel through the thalamus (a nucleus
in the center of the brain) up to the cortex of the brain and down to the
hypothalamus (a mid -brain structure that is a central controller of all our
“automatic” bodily functions) then down through the brain stem (where
brain signals are conveyed out to the body). Traumatic brain injuries cause
diffuse brain injury resulting in disconnections of these sleep pathways
and disable the normal progression of sleep.
The sleep state allows your brain to process information, consolidate
memory and clear itself from waste products / detoxify (by increased
circulation of the CSF through the brain’s lymphatic system). If you do not
sleep at night, your brain cannot restore itself.
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